It can support any type of object to be stored along with our own custom objects. A session is one of the best techniques for State Management because it stores the data as client-based. Now to set the session we need to use a config file. We can set the session on one of the following 2 types of configuration files:. NET State service. Now configure with the ASP. NET State Service. Step 1: Go To Start and from there go to "Run" and type "services. NET State Service and start the service; by default these services are stopped.
Step 3: For configuration with web. Generally the state services and web services are not in the same machine of a dedicated server so for the connection we need to write the stateConnectionString and here we need to provide the IP address or the name of the machine where the state service is running and here my services are run on localhost and is the port number.
The ASP. When the client sends a request to the web server, the web server stores the session data on the state server. The StateServer may be the current system or a different system. But it will be totally independent of IIS. The destination of the StateServer will depend on the web. If we set it to localhost then it will store data in the local system itself.
Otherwise you will get the following exception while trying to store data on the session. Advantage of State Service. Parameter Description:. Step 2: After executing the command, open the database: Step 3: Now for configuration we need to write the connection string in the web. The collection's contents are discarded after a request is processed.
The Items collection is often used to allow components or middleware to communicate when they operate at different points in time during a request and have no direct way to pass parameters. In the following example, middleware adds isVerified to the Items collection:.
For middleware that's only used in a single app, fixed string keys are acceptable. Middleware shared between apps should use unique object keys to avoid key collisions. The following example shows how to use a unique object key defined in a middleware class:.
Other code can access the value stored in HttpContext. Items using the key exposed by the middleware class:. Caching is an efficient way to store and retrieve data. The app can control the lifetime of cached items.
For more information, see Response caching in ASP. Cached data isn't associated with a specific request, user, or session. Do not cache user-specific data that may be retrieved by other user requests.
To cache application wide data, see Cache in-memory in ASP. IDistributedCache' while attempting to activate 'Microsoft. This is typically caused by failing to configure at least one IDistributedCache implementation. For more information, see Distributed caching in ASP. The session middleware can fail to persist a session if the backing store isn't available.
For example, a user stores a shopping cart in session. The user adds an item to the cart but the commit fails. The app doesn't know about the failure so it reports to the user that the item was added to their cart, which isn't true. The recommended approach to check for errors is to call await feature. CommitAsync when the app is done writing to the session.
CommitAsync throws an exception if the backing store is unavailable. If CommitAsync fails, the app can process the exception. LoadAsync throws under the same conditions when the data store is unavailable. SignalR apps should not use session state to store information. SignalR apps can store per connection state in Context. Items in the hub. View or download sample code how to download. Host ASP. NET Core in a web farm.
Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Contents Exit focus mode. Session and state management in ASP. Is this page helpful? Please rate your experience Yes No. Any additional feedback? State management State can be stored using several approaches. Each approach is described later in this topic.
May include data stored using server-side app code. Session state Session state is an ASP. The cookie session ID: Is sent to the app with each request. Is used by the app to fetch the session data. Session state exhibits the following behaviors: The session cookie is specific to the browser. Sessions aren't shared across browsers. Session cookies are deleted when the browser session ends.
If a cookie is received for an expired session, a new session is created that uses the same session cookie. Empty sessions aren't retained. The session must have at least one value set to persist the session across requests. When a session isn't retained, a new session ID is generated for each new request. The app retains a session for a limited time after the last request.
The app either sets the session timeout or uses the default value of 20 minutes. Session state is ideal for storing user data: That's specific to a particular session. A session is considered active as long as requests continue to be made with the same SessionID value.
If the time between requests for a particular session exceeds the specified time-out value in minutes, the session is considered expired. Requests made with an expired SessionID value result in a new session. A malicious user could get access to the session of another user by obtaining the SessionID value and including it in requests to the server. If you are storing sensitive information in session state, it is recommended that you use SSL to encrypt any communication between the browser and server that includes the SessionID value.
By default, the SessionID value is stored in a non-expiring session cookie in the browser. However, you can specify that session identifiers should not be stored in a cookie by setting the cookieless attribute to true in the sessionState section of the Web.
The following example shows a Web. NET application to use cookieless session identifiers. NET to include the unique session ID lit3py55t21z5v55vlm25s When ASP. NET sends a page to the browser, it modifies any links in the page that use an application-relative path by embedding a session ID value in the links. Links with absolute paths are not modified.
Session state is maintained as long as the user clicks links that have been modified in this manner. NET may not be able to resolve the session ID and associate the request with an existing session. In that case, a new session is started for the request.
The session ID is embedded in the URL after the slash that follows the application name and before any remaining file or virtual directory identifier. This enables ASP. To improve the security of your application, you should allow users to log out of your application, at which point the application should call the Abandon method.
This reduces the potential for a malicious user to get the unique identifier in the URL and use it to retrieve private user data stored in the session. By default, the session ID values that are used in cookieless sessions are recycled. That is, if a request is made with a session ID that has expired, a new session is started by using the SessionID value that is supplied with the request. This can result in a session unintentionally being shared when a link that contains a cookieless SessionID value is used by multiple browsers.
This can occur if the link is passed through a search engine, through an e-mail message, or through another program. You can reduce the chance of session data being shared by configuring the application not to recycle session identifiers. To do this, set the regenerateExpiredSessionId attribute of the sessionState configuration element to true. This generates a new session ID when a cookieless session request is made with an expired session ID.
This is because ASP. You can implement a custom class to supply and validate SessionID values. For an example, see the example provided for the CreateSessionID method.
For example, you might have a Web application that associates a unique identifier with non-ASP. NET session state. If your custom class supports cookieless session identifiers, you must implement a solution for sending and retrieving session identifiers in the URL. NET session state supports several storage options for session variables. Each option is identified as a session-state Mode type.
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